Ugu dambayn waxaa xusid mudan in dunida ay ka jiraan qawaaniin caalami ah
iyo muwaafaqooyin loogu talagalay inay xakameeyaan ka manaafacaadsiga ama ka
ganacsiga qashinka iyo sunta halistaa ee warshadaha, safrrinteeda
(transportation) markay xudduudaha u kala gooshayso, kaydinteeda, iwm.
Waxaa ka mid ah qawaaniintaas
axdigii Basel ee ay
1987-kii ku kala saxiixdeen 116 waddan (Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal). Heshiiskaas oo
markii hore ka koobnaa 29 qodb iyo lix lifaaq (haddana noqday sagaal lifaaq)
ayaa waxaa hadda (November, 2000) saxiixay 141 waddan. Soomaaliya kuma jirto
ilaa hadda waddamadaas. Sidoo kale hay'adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan
arrimaha degaanka (UNEP) ayaa iyana qaadatay
waxa loo yaqaan baaqii ama qaraarkii Qaahira oo ku taxaluqay islamarkaana
tilmaamo cilmiyayasan ka bixinayey sida ugu habboon marka laga fiiriyo xagga
dhibaatada deegaanka ku iman karta ee loo hanan karo ama loo maarayn karo, loo
kala-shaandhayn karo ama loo xafidi karo qashinkaas halistaa iyo dhibka ka iman
kara ka dheefsigiisa (Cairo
Guidelines and Principles for Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous
Wastes).
Waxyaalaha Qaynuunka Qahira jiheeyay ayaa waxaa ka mida, tusaale ahaan, in
haddiiba ay dhacdo in laba waddan ku heshiiyaan inay kala-gataan qashinkaas ay
tahay waajib saaran kan dhoofinaya qashinku inuu hubiyo (technically) in halka
qashinku ku dambayn doonaa tahay meel ku habboon oo khatarta ka imankartaa
tahay mid aad u yar marka laga hubiyo dhinacyo badan.
1989-kii ayaa golaha loo dhanyahay ee Qaramada Midoobay kal-fadhigiisii
44-aad wuxuu ku guddoonsaday qaraarkii tirsigiisu ahaa
44/226 oo isaguna
looga jeeday xakamaynta dhibka qashinkaasi dhoofintiisu keento.
Axdiyadii UNCLOS
(United Nations Convention Convention on the Law of the Sea) iyo
LONDON
DUMPING CONEVENTION (1989) ayaa iyagana ujeeddadoodu ahayd in laga hortago
in dhib loo geysto degaanka dabiiciga ah ee badaha adduunka gaar ahaan biyaha
caalamiga ah. Heshiiska London wuxuu si gaara u khuseeyaa sidii badaha loga
bedbaadin lahaa sunta iyo qashinka haraaga nukliyeerka ee radioactive-ka ah.
Heshiiskii LOME IV
ee u dhexeeya quwadihii horay u ahaan jirey gumeystayaasha ee haddana ku
bahoobay Midowga Yurub iyo waddamadii la gumeysan jirey ee Africa, Latin
America iyo Jasiiradaha Badweynta Baasifigga ayaa isna xaaraantinimaynaya in
qashinkaas halistaa waddamada soo koraya loo dhoofiyo.
Waxaa kaloo jira axdiyo kale oo heer gobol ah sida
Axdigii Bamako midkii Midowga Afrika uu ku mamnuucay oo xubnihiisa kaga
xarrimay la soo degidda iyo ka ganacsiga qashinka halistaa. Bamako Convention
wuxuu isna si gaara u tixgalinayaa daryeelka badaha wuxuuna asalkiisaba ka
dhashay markii Afrika aragtay inaanay ku fillayn qawaaniinta caalamigaa oo
kaliya ee heer qaaradeedna loo baahnaa in degaanka la daryeelo.
Latin Amerika iyaguna dhankooda waxay meel isladhigeen "Accuerdo Regional
Sobre Movimento Transfronizo de Desechos Peligrosos". Waxaa iyaguna jira
heshiisyo kale sida
IZMIR Protocol oo khuseeya badda iyo Gobolka Mediterreeniyanka halka "Waigani
Treaty" ay ku bahoobeen waddamada yar-yar ee jasiiradaha ah.
Inkastoo heshiisyadan iyo Qawaaniintan caalamiga ahi imminka wada
dhaqangashay ayaa haddana waxaa jira waddamo muhiim ah oo ilaa hadda ka
meeraysanaya inay saxiixaan.
Waxaa kaloo nasiib darraa in dhammaan axdiyadan iyo heshiiyadani ay ku
fashilmeen in la xakameeyo dhibka ay arrintan dhiilada lihi dhashay. Tusaale
Afrika
ayaa dunida ugu wada filan halkaasoo Dawladaha qaarna si cad oo ogaal ah ugu
xad-gudbay qawaaniintaas (Sida
Benin,
Guinea-Bissau, iwm) iyagoo daliishaday ama cuskaday inay doonayeen inay
qashinka reer galbeedka qaataan si ay uga samato-baxaan masiibada dhaqaale ee
ku habsatay (matter of survival!) waddama kalana, sida
Soomaaliya
aysan Dawlad-ba laahyn muddo aad u dheer oo ay noqdeen "no man's land" ama
"Terra di nessuno" deedna ay baylah u noqdeen ecomafia-da caalamigaa iyo qaar
ka mid ah kuwii ciiddaas ku dhashay asii bahaloobay oo hunguri iyo naf-jeclaysi
qaalib ka noqdeen iyagoo jaal adag u noqday ecomafia-da oo sidaas halis aan la
xaddidi karin ku geliyey ummadda soomaaliyeed iyo degaankaba.
Akhri Bogga Xiga....
Qore: Bashir Sh. Mohamed
PhD / Researcher
Email: shakiib@hotmail.com
