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CILMI-BAARISTA - SUNTA-SOOMAALIYA

 

QAWAANIINTA CAALAMIGAA 
Bashir Sh. Mohamed (PhD)
shakiib@hotmail.com
Updated: December 10, 2000

Bogga:  Hordhac | 1aad | 2aad | 3aad | 4aad | 5aad | 6aad | 7aad | 8aad |

Qaybta 3aad

Ugu dambayn waxaa xusid mudan in dunida ay ka jiraan qawaaniin caalami ah iyo muwaafaqooyin loogu talagalay inay xakameeyaan ka manaafacaadsiga ama ka ganacsiga qashinka iyo sunta halistaa ee warshadaha, safrrinteeda (transportation) markay xudduudaha u kala gooshayso, kaydinteeda, iwm.

Waxaa ka mid ah qawaaniintaas axdigii Basel ee ay 1987-kii ku kala saxiixdeen 116 waddan (Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their Disposal). Heshiiskaas oo markii hore ka koobnaa 29 qodb iyo lix lifaaq (haddana noqday sagaal lifaaq) ayaa waxaa hadda (November, 2000) saxiixay 141 waddan. Soomaaliya kuma jirto ilaa hadda waddamadaas. Sidoo kale hay'adda Qaramada Midoobay u qaabilsan arrimaha degaanka (UNEP) ayaa iyana qaadatay waxa loo yaqaan baaqii ama qaraarkii Qaahira oo ku taxaluqay islamarkaana tilmaamo cilmiyayasan ka bixinayey sida ugu habboon marka laga fiiriyo xagga dhibaatada deegaanka ku iman karta ee loo hanan karo ama loo maarayn karo, loo kala-shaandhayn karo ama loo xafidi karo qashinkaas halistaa iyo dhibka ka iman kara ka dheefsigiisa (Cairo Guidelines and Principles for Environmentally Sound Management of Hazardous Wastes).

Waxyaalaha Qaynuunka Qahira jiheeyay ayaa waxaa ka mida, tusaale ahaan, in haddiiba ay dhacdo in laba waddan ku heshiiyaan inay kala-gataan qashinkaas ay tahay waajib saaran kan dhoofinaya qashinku inuu hubiyo (technically) in halka qashinku ku dambayn doonaa tahay meel ku habboon oo khatarta ka imankartaa tahay mid aad u yar marka laga hubiyo dhinacyo badan.

1989-kii ayaa golaha loo dhanyahay ee Qaramada Midoobay kal-fadhigiisii 44-aad wuxuu ku guddoonsaday qaraarkii tirsigiisu ahaa 44/226 oo isaguna looga jeeday xakamaynta dhibka qashinkaasi dhoofintiisu keento.

Axdiyadii UNCLOS (United Nations Convention Convention on the Law of the Sea) iyo LONDON DUMPING CONEVENTION (1989) ayaa iyagana ujeeddadoodu ahayd in laga hortago in dhib loo geysto degaanka dabiiciga ah ee badaha adduunka gaar ahaan biyaha caalamiga ah. Heshiiska London wuxuu si gaara u khuseeyaa sidii badaha loga bedbaadin lahaa sunta iyo qashinka haraaga nukliyeerka ee radioactive-ka ah.

Heshiiskii LOME IV ee u dhexeeya quwadihii horay u ahaan jirey gumeystayaasha ee haddana ku bahoobay Midowga Yurub iyo waddamadii la gumeysan jirey ee Africa, Latin America iyo Jasiiradaha Badweynta Baasifigga ayaa isna xaaraantinimaynaya in qashinkaas halistaa waddamada soo koraya loo dhoofiyo.

Waxaa kaloo jira axdiyo kale oo heer gobol ah sida Axdigii Bamako midkii Midowga Afrika uu ku mamnuucay oo xubnihiisa kaga xarrimay la soo degidda iyo ka ganacsiga qashinka halistaa. Bamako Convention wuxuu isna si gaara u tixgalinayaa daryeelka badaha wuxuuna asalkiisaba ka dhashay markii Afrika aragtay inaanay ku fillayn qawaaniinta caalamigaa oo kaliya ee heer qaaradeedna loo baahnaa in degaanka la daryeelo.

Latin Amerika iyaguna dhankooda waxay meel isladhigeen "Accuerdo Regional Sobre Movimento Transfronizo de Desechos Peligrosos". Waxaa iyaguna jira heshiisyo kale sida IZMIR Protocol oo khuseeya badda iyo Gobolka Mediterreeniyanka halka "Waigani Treaty" ay ku bahoobeen waddamada yar-yar ee jasiiradaha ah.

Inkastoo heshiisyadan iyo Qawaaniintan caalamiga ahi imminka wada dhaqangashay ayaa haddana waxaa jira waddamo muhiim ah oo ilaa hadda ka meeraysanaya inay saxiixaan.

Waxaa kaloo nasiib darraa in dhammaan axdiyadan iyo heshiiyadani ay ku fashilmeen in la xakameeyo dhibka ay arrintan dhiilada lihi dhashay. Tusaale Afrika ayaa dunida ugu wada filan halkaasoo Dawladaha qaarna si cad oo ogaal ah ugu xad-gudbay qawaaniintaas (Sida Benin, Guinea-Bissau, iwm) iyagoo daliishaday ama cuskaday inay doonayeen inay qashinka reer galbeedka qaataan si ay uga samato-baxaan masiibada dhaqaale ee ku habsatay (matter of survival!) waddama kalana, sida Soomaaliya aysan Dawlad-ba laahyn muddo aad u dheer oo ay noqdeen "no man's land" ama "Terra di nessuno" deedna ay baylah u noqdeen ecomafia-da caalamigaa iyo qaar ka mid ah kuwii ciiddaas ku dhashay asii bahaloobay oo hunguri iyo naf-jeclaysi qaalib ka noqdeen iyagoo jaal adag u noqday ecomafia-da oo sidaas halis aan la xaddidi karin ku geliyey ummadda soomaaliyeed iyo degaankaba.

Akhri Bogga Xiga....

Qore: Bashir Sh. Mohamed
PhD / Researcher
Email: shakiib@hotmail.com

 

 

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